Nuevas perspectivas en el estudio y tratamiento de la sepsis

La sepsis es una disfunción orgánica potencialmente mortal debida a una respuesta desregulada del hospedero a la infección. No sólo contribuye con el 20 % de todas las causas de muerte de forma global, sino que los sobrevivientes de esta también pueden experimentar una significativa morbilidad a largo plazo. La sepsis y el shock séptico son emergencias médicas que requieren reconocimiento rápido, administración de antimicrobianos apropiados, soporte hemodinámico cuidadoso y control de la fuente infecciosa. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la definición y los criterios diagnósticos, la epidemiología, los factores de riesgo, la patogenia y la conducta inicial ante la sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. It severely impacts global disease burden as it constates 20 % of all causes of death; its survivors may experience long-term morbidity. Sepsis and septic shock are medical emergencies that require rapid identification, administration of appropriate antimicrobials, careful hemodynamic support, and control of the infection source. This review aims to update the definition of sepsis and its diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and baseline behavior.

Comparison of different versions of the quick sequential organ failure assessment for predicting inhospital mortality of sepsis patients: A retrospective observational study / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: The quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) is recommended to identify sepsis and predict sepsis mortality. However, some studies have recently shown its poor performance in sepsis mortality prediction. To enhance its effectiveness, researchers have developed various revised versions of the qSOFA by adding other parameters, such as the lactate-enhanced qSOFA (LqSOFA), the procalcitonin-enhanced qSOFA (PqSOFA), and the modified qSOFA (MqSOFA). This study aimed to compare the performance of these versions of the qSOFA in predicting sepsis mortality in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data obtained from an electronic register system of adult patients with sepsis between January 1 and December 31, 2019. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the area under the curve (AUC), with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values calculated for the various scores. RESULTS: Among the 936 enrolled cases, there were 835 survivors and 101 deaths. The AUCs of the LqSOFA, MqSOFA, PqSOFA, and qSOFA were 0.740, 0.731, 0.712, and 0.705, respectively. The sensitivity of the LqSOFA, MqSOFA, PqSOFA, and qSOFA were 64.36%, 51.40%, 71.29%, and 39.60%, respectively. The specificity of the four scores were 70.78%, 80.96%, 61.68%, and 91.62%, respectively. The LqSOFA and MqSOFA were superior to the qSOFA in predicting in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with sepsis in the ED, the performance of the PqSOFA was similar to that of the qSOFA and the values of the LqSOFA and MqSOFA in predicting in-hospital mortality were greater compared to qSOFA. As the added parameter of the MqSOFA was more convenient compared to the LqSOFA, the MqSOFA could be used as a candidate for the revised qSOFA to increase the performance of the early prediction of sepsis mortality.

Prognostic accuracy of qSOFA, NEWS, SIRS criteria for in-hospital mortality among patients with suspected infection presenting to the Emergency Department in a tertiary hospital in Cebu City. A prospective study

Introduction@#Sepsis has been redefined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) is a simple tool developed to prompt clinicians to consider patients at high risk for poor outcome. Studies have compared its utility with National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. These scoring systems may be utilized to prognosticate illness severity among patients with suspected infection and may be relevant in low- and middle-income settings where laboratory data are not readily available.@*Objective@#To determine and compare the accuracy of qSOFA, NEWS, and SIRS criteria in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients suspected to have infection presenting at the emergency department (ED)@*Methods@#This is a prospective cohort study. Patients ≥18 years old with suspected infection admitted to the ED between June 2018 to July 2018 were included in the study. SIRS, NEWS, and qSOFA scores were collected at presentation and patients were followed up until expired or discharged.@*Results@#A final population of 213 were included in the study with a mean age of 47 years (SD 21.2) and 124 (58.2%) females. The most common site of infection was respiratory (33.8%). Twelve patients (5.6%) died in-hospital. Among patients with qSOFA≥2, mortality rate was at 38% vs 3.5% for qSOFA<2. Specificity for mortality was highest for qSOFA (96%). Sensitivity was highest for SIRS (75%). SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS had no significant difference in predicting in-hospital mortality with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.659, 0.711, 0.711 respectively.@*Conclusion@#SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS have similar prognostic accuracy to predict mortality but have limited use when applied individually which brings into question the sole utility of qSOFA despite its high specificity. It is reasonable to further validate or develop new scoring systems with higher predictive accuracy appropriate across different populations.

Utilidad pronóstica de la escala qSOFA en pacientes ingresados en un servicio de Medicina Interna por enfermedades infecciosas / Prognostic utility of the qSOFA scale in patients admitted to an Internal Medicine service due to infectious diseases

INTRODUCCIÓN: La sepsis es una entidad grave siendo su sospecha y tratamiento precoces claves para el pronóstico. OBJETIVO: Analizar la utilidad pronóstica de la escala qSOFA en pacientes que ingresan por infección en un servicio de Medicina Interna. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, tranversal, de los pacientes ingresados con infección en el Hospital General de Castellón (España) de noviembre de 2017 a febrero de 2018. Criterio de inclusión: pacientes admitidos por la sospecha de un proceso infeccioso. Variable principal dependiente: mortalidad. Variable principal independiente: qSOFA. Variables secundarias: tiempo hasta primera valoración médica y hasta inicio de antibioterapia empírica en Urgencias (minutos), características demográficas del paciente, analíticas y evolutivas. RESULTADOS: Se analizó un total de 311 pacientes, 145 varones, edad media 78 años (DE 16,23). Setenta y cinco (24%) presentaron qSOFA ≥ 2. Se observó una mayor mortalidad en aquellos pacientes con qSOFA ≥ 2 (36 vs 11%, p = 0,00). CONCLUSIÓN: En pacientes admitidos con enfermedades infecciosas, un valor de qSOFA > = 2 se asoció a mayor mortalidad. Se requieren futuros estudios para comprobar su potencial utilidad diagnóstica.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a serious entity. Diagnosis and early treatment is important for the prognosis. AIM: To analyze the prognostic utility of the qSOFA scale as a predictor of mortality in patients admitted by infection in an Internal Medicine Service and describe its demographic characteristics and possible association with mortalilty. METHODS: Descriptive and cross-sectional study of patients admitted with diagnosis of acute infection at the General Hospital of Castellon (Spain) from November 2017 to February 2018. Inclusion criteria: patients admitted on suspicion of an infectious process. Main dependent variable: mortality. Independent main variable: qSOFA scale. Secondary variables: time until the first medical evaluation and the start of empirical antibiotic therapy, demographic characteristics of the patient, analytics and evolutional. RESULTS: A total of 311 patients were analyzed, 145 men with an average age of 78 (DE 16,23). Seventy five presented qSOFA ≥ 2. Higher mortality was observed in those patients with qSOFA ≥ 2 (36% vs 11%, p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: In patients admitted with infectious diseases, a qSOFA value > = 2 was associated with higher mortality. Future studies are required to verify its potential diagnostic utility.

The value of acute gastrointestinal injury grading combined with qSOFA score in the diagnosis of sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To develop a prediction model of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) grading combined with qSOFA score for the diagnosis of sepsis, and evaluate its value.Methods:This was a prospective observational study. The patients with infection or suspected infection in the General Ward of Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from September 2018 to September 2019 were included. Patients younger than 18 years, pregnant, abandoned treatment and died within 3 days after admission were excluded. Clinical characteristics, laboratory test results and AGI grading from 48 h before the infection to 24 h after the onset of infection were recorded. The patients were divided into the sepsis and non-sepsis groups according to whether they were diagnosed with sepsis. The patients were allocated randomly to a modeling cohort and a validation cohort with a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relevant risk factors for sepsis in the modeling cohort. Three types of diagnostic models were constructed in the modeling cohort: model A (qSOFA model), model B (the combined model of AGI grading and qSOFA score), and model C (the combined model of clinical parameters). The clinical usefulness of the diagnostic models was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) in the validation cohort. The nomograms were developed based on these models.Results:A total of 2 553 patients were enrolled in the study, 1 789 patients in the modeling cohort and 764 patients in the validation cohort. and 326 were diagnosed with sepsis. There was no statistical difference in the basic conditions of patients in the two groups. Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, the source of infection, temperature, heart rate, polypnea, changes in consciousness, severe edema, hyperglycemia, white blood cell, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, hypotension, hypoxemia, acute oliguria, coagulation disorders, hyperlacticemia, capillary filling damage or piebaldskin, AGI grading and qSOFA score were significantly correlated with sepsis (all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=1.027, P<0.01), source of infection ( OR=2.809, P=0.03), hypotension ( OR=35.449, P<0.01), hypoxemia ( OR=57.018, P<0.01), and AGI grading ( OR=19.313, P<0.01) were significantly associated with sepsis. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of model A, B and C were 0.784, 0.944 and 0.971 in the modeling cohort, and 0.832, 0.975 and 0.980 in the validation cohort, respectively. The sensitivities were 63.9%, 89.5% and 97.5% in the modeling cohort, and 72.7%, 90.9% and 96.6% in the validation cohort; and the specificities were 90.8%, 90.3% and 88.1% in the modeling cohort, and 92.2%, 94.5% and 92.8% in the validation cohort, respectively. AUC of model B and C were significantly higher than that of model A ( P<0.01). Model A in the validation cohort was poorly calibrated, with low accuracy and high risk of missed sepsis diagnosis ( P=0.044). The net benefits of model B and C were better than that of model A. Conclusions:AGI grading combined with qSOFA score has a high predictive value and accuracy in the diagnosis of sepsis.

SIRS y qSOFA como Predictores de Mortalidad en Sepsis Pediátrica

Resumen Introducción: La sepsis pediátrica continúa siendo una causa importante de mortalidad en países de bajos y medianos ingresos, su reconocimiento temprano en emergencias requiere del uso de criterios que nos permitan predecir anticipadamente la gravedad del paciente. Objetivo: nuestro estudio pretende comparar los criterios de SIRS y qSOFA en cuanto a su capacidad discriminatoria en mortalidad en sepsis pediátrica. Métodos: realizamos un estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo en servicios de emergencias incluyendo niños con sospecha de sepsis subsecuentemente ingresados a UTIP, en los cuales se evaluaron los puntajes en SIRS y qSOFA comparándolos con los resultados al egreso. Resultados: se enrolaron 64 pacientes, admitidos en estadios de Sepsis (19%), Shock Séptico (20,6%) y con Disfunción Multiorgánica (60,4%), con una mortalidad respectivamente de 9,5%, 14,3% y 76,2%; en 33,9% de los casos se pudo rescatar algún germen. Evaluando los criterios SIRS vemos que la ausencia de ellos se asocia con mayor sobrevivencia (p=0,044; OR 0,618: IC95% 0,5020,761), Por otro lado, 2 o más criterios qSOFA se asocia con mayor mortalidad (p=0,047; OR 3,52: IC95% 1,090-11,371). Conclusión: ambos criterios utilizados para definir sepsis en pediatría demostraron su utilidad, el uso del score qSOFA dada a su estrecha relación con la mortalidad puede emplearse para anticipar alteraciones orgánicas potencialmente mortales.

Abstract Introduction: Pediatric sepsis continues to be one of the main causes of mortality in low and middle-income countries, its early recognition in emergencies requires the use of criteria that allow us to predict the severity of the patient. Objective: our study aims to compare the SIRS criteria and qSOFA regarding its discriminatory capacity in mortality in children with sepsis. Methods: a prospective multicenter study was carried out in emergency services enrolling children with suspected sepsis subsequently admitted to the PICU, in which the scores in qSOFA and SIRS were evaluated comparing them with the results at hospital discharge. Results: 64 patients were enrolled, admitted in emergency in Sepsis (19%), Septic Shock (20.6%) and with Multiple Organ Dysfunction (60.4%) stage, with a mortality respectively of 9.5% and 14.3% and 76.2%; germ could be rescued in 33.9% of the cases; Evaluating the SIRS criteria, we see that the absence of them is associated with lower mortality (p = 0.044; OR 0.618: 95% CI 0.502-0.761); otherwise, 2 or more qSOFA criteria are associated with higher mortality (p = 0.047 ; OR 3.52: 95% CI 1.090-11.371). Conclusion: both criteria used to define sepsis in pediatrics demonstrated their usefulness, the use of the qSOFA score given its close relationship with mortality can be used to anticipate life-threatening organ alterations.

SIRS o no SIRS: ¿es esa la infección? Una revisión crítica de los criterios de definición de sepsis / SIRS or not SIRS: Is that the infection? A critical review of the sepsis definition criteria

Resumen El enfoque moderno de la sepsis se ha centrado en la creación de consensos globales que utilizan distintos criterios para pesquisarla en forma precoz, con el fin de disminuir la morbimortalidad asociada a ella. Hasta la aparición del tercer y último consenso de adultos (Sepsis-3), el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) fue el pilar diagnóstico utilizado por defecto en todas las edades. En Sepsis-3 se decidió retirar el SIRS, lo que generó un debate internacional sobre la oportunidad de dicho cambio. Esta revisión narrativa desarrolla la historia de las distintas definiciones de sepsis centradas en SIRS, las fortalezas, las debilidades y la pertinencia de los distintos elementos que ocasionaron el debate. Dada la ausencia de actualizaciones pediátricas en Sepsis-3, se hace especial énfasis en las implicaciones para las futuras definiciones de sepsis en esta etapa de la vida.

Abstract The modern approach to sepsis has focused on creating a global consensus with different criteria to early investigate it in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex entity. Until the third and last consensus of adults (Sepsis-3), the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was the diagnostic pillar used by default for all ages. In Sepsis-3, it was decided to withdraw the SIRS, which generated an international debate about the timing of such change. This narrative review develops the history of the different definitions of sepsis focused on SIRS, their strengths and weaknesses, and the relevance of the different elements that caused the debate. Given the absence of pediatric updates in Sepsis-3, a particular emphasis is placed on the implications for future definitions of sepsis at this stage of life

Relationship of qSOFA values to gastric perforation patients in A. W. Sjahranie General Hospital, Samarinda, Indonesia

Background: Authors hypothesized the qSOFA score would be useful in sepsis patients caused by gastric perforation. The present study investigated the relationship of qSOFA value to outcome of patients with gastric perforation in Samarinda.Methods: This research was analytical, descriptive research method using cross-sectional study design 70 patients. Data analysis was obtained to see the relationship between age, gender, vital sign qSOFA and survival in gastric perforation patients.Results: Mean systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in subjects who lived than those who died, i.e. 105.5 vs 92.5 (p <0.001). Mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in subjects who lived than those who died, ie 80.0 vs 66.8 (p <0.001). The respiration rate was significantly lower in subjects who lived than those who died, namely 22.9 vs 24.6 (p <0.001). The mean GCS score was significantly higher in subjects who lived than those who died, ie 14.2 vs 12.2 (p <0.001).Conclusions: The higher the qSOFA score in the study subjects with gastric perforation, the higher the mortality rate. There was a relationship between the qSOFA value and the outcome of patients with gastric perforation where the mean qSOFA score was significantly lower in subjects who lived than those who died.

Sepsis: evolving concepts and challenges

Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increased burden in low- and middle-resource settings. The role of the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of the syndrome has supported the modern concept of sepsis. Nevertheless, a definition of sepsis and the criteria for its recognition is a continuous process, which reflects the growing knowledge of its mechanisms and the success and failure of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Here we review the evolving concepts of sepsis, from the "systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection" (Sepsis-1) to "a severe, potentially fatal, organic dysfunction caused by an inadequate or dysregulated host response to infection" (Sepsis-3). We focused in the pathophysiology behind the concept and the criteria for recognition and diagnosis of sepsis. A major challenge in evaluating the host response in sepsis is to characterize what is protective and what is harmful, and we discuss that, at least in part, the apparent dysregulated host response may be an effort to adapt to a hostile environment. The new criteria for recognition and diagnosis of sepsis were derived from robust databases, restricted, however, to developed countries. Since then, the criteria have been supported in different clinical settings and in different economic and epidemiological contexts, but still raise discussion regarding their use for the identification versus the prognostication of the septic patient. Clinicians should not be restricted to definition criteria when evaluating patients with infection and should wisely use the broad array of information obtained by rigorous clinical observation.

The values of SOFA score, qSOFA score and SIRS criteria in predicting the prognosis of adult patients with suspect infection / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical values of SOFA score,qSOFA score and SIRS criteria in predicting the prognosis of patients with suspected infection in the emergency department.Methods From January 2015 to April 2017,487 patients aged over 18 years were suspected to be infected and admitted to hospital.SOFA,qSOFA,and SIRS scores were calculated.The mortality and the requirement of ICU treatment were used as prognostic factors for evaluating the validity of each score.The prognostic value of each scoring system was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Results In 487 patients,the hospital mortality rate was 4.9％,and requirement of ICU treatment rate was 17％.SOFA score predicting hospital mortality and requirement of ICU treatment (AUROC 0.905) were superior to other scores (qSOFA-WBC:AUROC 0.778,qSOFA:AUROC 0.769,SIRS:AUROC 0.64).Compared with the SIRS criteria,patients with a score of ＞1 had higher qSOFA scores (94.47％),but lower sensitivity (44.86％);although SIRS criteria had a higher sensitivity (77.57％),they were less specific (42.63％).When qSOFA was added to the condition of leukocyte abnormalities (＜4× 109/L or ＞ 10× 109/L),the prognosis was improved and the sensitivity and specificity for prognosis were 73.83％ and 71.84％ (qSOFA-WBC score,＞1),respectively.In patients with qSOFA-WBC score,only 6 patients (negative predictive value of 94.2％) died or required ICU treatment.Conclusion The SOFA score is superior to qSOFA and SIRS in predicting the prognosis of patients with suspect infection,and qSOFA-WBC is superior to qSOFA and SIRS in predicting low risk.

200 días de qSOFA, detección temprana de sepsis y disminución del riesgo / 200 days of qSOFA, early detection of sepsis and risk reduction / 200 dias de qSOFA, detecção precoce de sepse e redução de risco

Resumen: Introducción: El empleo de la escala de quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment o qSOFA para activar los equipos de respuesta rápida tiene el objetivo de detectar de manera temprana pacientes cuyo deterioro es secundario a sepsis, los equipos de respuesta rápida son conocidos como sepsis team o código sepsis. Métodos: Se presentan los primeros 200 días de un programa de detección temprana de sepsis acorde a las nuevas recomendaciones. Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes que ingresaron a hospitalización con carta de "voluntad anticipada", diagnósticos de enfermedad terminal y cuidados paliativos, así como pacientes pediátricos (menores de 18 años) y obstétricas. Resultados: En un periodo de 200 días se realizó un total de 111 alertas por parte del equipo de respuesta rápida mediante la escala qSOFA. Siendo así, 34 alertas por cada 1,000 ingresos. Por cada seis pacientes evaluados un paciente se benefició al ser trasladado de manera inmediata a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva con una reducción del riesgo absoluto de mortalidad de 18.26% (intervalo de confianza de 95% -16.47 a 52.99). Por cada seis pacientes con datos de riesgo no detectados, uno fallecerá. Por cada dos pacientes ingresados al programa de respuesta rápida uno se benefició del tratamiento establecido. Conclusión: El presente estudio muestra que el uso de la escala qSOFA en nuestra población resultó en una reducción del riesgo absoluto de mortalidad.

Abstract: Introduction: When the quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment or qSOFA is used to activate a rapid response team the main goal is to detect in a early fashion those patients whose deterioration is secondary to sepsis and the rapid response teams are known as "sepsis team" or "code sepsis". Methods: We present the first 200 days of an early sepsis detection program using the latest recommendations. Patients admitted with a "no resuscitation" letter, terminal disease diagnosis and palliative care, were excluded from the study, also pediatric patients (< 18 years old) and obstetric diagnosis. Results: During the study period a total of 111 alerts were registered by the rapid response team using the qSOFA score. As well, 34 alerts for every 1,000 admissions. For every 6 assessments 1 patient benefited of being transferred immediately to the Intensive Care Unit; for an absolute risk reduction of 18.26% (95% confidence interval -16.47 a 52.99). For every 6 patients with risk data not detected 1 will die. For every 2 patients admitted to the rapid response program 1 was benefited by the established treatment. Conclusion: The present work shows that the use of the qSOFA score in our population resulted in the absolute risk reduction of mortality.

Resumo: Introdução: Quando usamos a escala de quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment ou qSOFA para ativar uma equipe de resposta rápida, o principal objetivo é detectar precocemente aqueles pacientes cuja deterioração é secundária à sepse e as equipes de resposta rápida são conhecidas como "equipe de sepse" ou "código sepsis". Métodos: Apresentamos os primeiros 200 dias de um programa de detecção precoce de sepse usando as recomendações mais recentes. Os pacientes admitidos com uma carta de "Não ressuscitação", diagnóstico terminal de doenças e cuidados paliativos foram excluídos do estudo, assim como, pacientes pediátricos (<18 anos) e pacientes obstétricas. Resultados: Em um período de 200 dias, realizou-se um total de 111 alertas por parte da equipe de resposta rápida através da escala qSOFA. Sendo assim, 34 alertas por cada 1000 pacientes admitidos. Por cada 6 pacientes avaliados 1 paciente se beneficiou de ser transferido de forma imediata à unidade de terapia intensiva; por uma redução do risco absoluto a mortalidade de 18.26% (Intervalo de confiança al 95% -16.47 a 52.99). Por cada 6 pacientes com dados de risco que não são detectados 1 falecerá. Por cada 2 pacientes ingressados no programa de resposta rápida, um foi beneficiado pelo tratamento estabelecido. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostra que o uso da escala qSOFA em nossa população resultou em uma redução do risco absoluto a mortalidade.

Clinical and Scientific Research Application of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Data / 医学信息学杂志

Taking the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University as an example,the paper gives detailed examples in clinical and scientific research fields to indicate that the effective utilization of medical data through function reconstruction of the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system not only brings conveniences to clinical and scientific researchers,but also strengthens medical protection for patients.

The predictive role of enhanced CURB score in patients with pneumonia during combined immunosuppression treatment / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To explore the predictive value of enhanced CURB score in the prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the setting of immunosuppressive therapy.Methods Retrospective study of 156 CAP patients with diseases treated with immunosuppressive agents admitted from January 2012 to July 2016 was carried out.The patients were divided into survival group and death group,and comparisons of demographics of patients and clinical sitting between two groups were performed.The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used for the calculations of enhanced CURB score,CURB-65 score and qSOFA score measured to predict the 28-day outcome of patients as the clinical observation endpoint.The predictive value of three scoring systems was compared in the prognosis of CAP patients under immunosuppressive treatment using the area under the curve (AUC).Results Of 156 patients,there were 134 patients in survival group and 22 patients in death group.The statistically significant differences in measured results of three scoring systems between two groups were as follows:enhanced CURB score [8 (6,10) vs.12 (9,13)],CURB-65 score [1 (0,2) vs.2 (2,3)],and sSOFA score [0 (0,1) vs.1 (0,1)] (P ＜ 0.05 in 3 scoring systems).According to ROC,the AUC of enhanced CURB score was 0.815,with sensitivity 50％,specificity 97.01％,the optimal cut-off value 11 (P ＜0.01);the AUC of CURB-65 score was 0.816,with sensitivity 81.82％,specificity 65.67％,the best cut-off value 1 (P ＜0.01);the AUC of qSOFA score was 0.642,with sensitivity 54.5％,specificity 73.1％,the best cut-off value 0 (P ＜0.01).There was a significant difference in score between qSOFA score and CURB-65 score,between qSOFA score and enhanced CURB score,but no significant difference between enhanced CURB score and CURB-65 score.Conclusions The enhanced CURB score has preferable predictive value in evaluating the prognosis of CAP patients during immunosuppressive treatment.Though its sensitivity is low,its specificity is superior to CURB-65 score and qSOFA score.

The predictive role of enhanced CURB score in patients with pneumonia during combined immunosuppression treatment / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To explore the predictive value of enhanced CURB score in the prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the setting of immunosuppressive therapy.Methods Retrospective study of 156 CAP patients with diseases treated with immunosuppressive agents admitted from January 2012 to July 2016 was carried out.The patients were divided into survival group and death group,and comparisons of demographics of patients and clinical sitting between two groups were performed.The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used for the calculations of enhanced CURB score,CURB-65 score and qSOFA score measured to predict the 28-day outcome of patients as the clinical observation endpoint.The predictive value of three scoring systems was compared in the prognosis of CAP patients under immunosuppressive treatment using the area under the curve (AUC).Results Of 156 patients,there were 134 patients in survival group and 22 patients in death group.The statistically significant differences in measured results of three scoring systems between two groups were as follows:enhanced CURB score [8 (6,10) vs.12 (9,13)],CURB-65 score [1 (0,2) vs.2 (2,3)],and sSOFA score [0 (0,1) vs.1 (0,1)] (P ＜ 0.05 in 3 scoring systems).According to ROC,the AUC of enhanced CURB score was 0.815,with sensitivity 50％,specificity 97.01％,the optimal cut-off value 11 (P ＜0.01);the AUC of CURB-65 score was 0.816,with sensitivity 81.82％,specificity 65.67％,the best cut-off value 1 (P ＜0.01);the AUC of qSOFA score was 0.642,with sensitivity 54.5％,specificity 73.1％,the best cut-off value 0 (P ＜0.01).There was a significant difference in score between qSOFA score and CURB-65 score,between qSOFA score and enhanced CURB score,but no significant difference between enhanced CURB score and CURB-65 score.Conclusions The enhanced CURB score has preferable predictive value in evaluating the prognosis of CAP patients during immunosuppressive treatment.Though its sensitivity is low,its specificity is superior to CURB-65 score and qSOFA score.